It is shown that the total amount of income earned during a reference period can be expressed as the products of components of bivariate Pareto distributions. The exact distribution of the total amount of income P = XY and the corresponding moment properties are derived when (X, Y ) follows...

Measurement error can impact estimator precision, obscure estimated relationships between variables, and distort the estimated intertemporal behavior of important economic characteristics. A commonly known model for measurement error assumes that measured income is the product of true income and...