One of the main purposes of American labor law has been to reduce conflict between employers and workers. This paper discusses the ways in which various doctrines might serve this purpose. Four theories are examined: bargaining with asymmetric information; conflict; herding; and trust. The...

Erga omnes norms are those that give third-party states, rather than just the victim, legal claims against states that violate them. This paper argues that ordinary twoparty norms arise when states recognize that a norm violation injures only one state and that other states that seek to...