This study analyzes how market barriers and firm capabilities affect multinationals' choice of joint ventures versus wholly-owned subsidiaries abroad. In the study, we compile a vector of variables that distinguish between industry-specific barriers and firm-specific capabilities to analyze...

This paper discusses some of the recent theories of why countries impose countertrade obligations and compares some of the implications of these theories with data obtained from a comprehensive database of countertrade transactions.© 1990 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1990)...

This paper looks at the historical record of early foreign direct investment in Malaysian tin mining and draws its implications for the theory of the MNE.© 1986 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1986) 17, 131–143

We study the effects of linguistic distance and lingua franca proficiency on the equity stake taken by acquirers from 67 countries in 59,092 acquisition targets in 69 host countries. We theorize and find that acquirers take lower equity stakes in foreign targets when linguistic distance and...

This paper tests the proposition that national origin affects the strategies of multinational enterprises by looking at the determinants of the choice they make between entering the United States through partially versus wholly owned subsidiaries. We pool entries into the United States made by...

Many international business (IB) studies have used foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks to measure the aggregate value-adding activity of multinational enterprises (MNE) affiliates in host countries. We argue that FDI stocks are a biased measure of that activity, because the degree to which...

This paper uses transaction costs theory is used to explain the features of the new contractual alternatives to foreign direct investment (the “new forms”), to assess their efficiency, and to forecast their future development.© 1989 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1989) 20,...

Prior research has argued that multinational enterprises (MNEs) prefer to enter culturally distant countries through greenfields rather than through acquisitions, since acquisitions in such countries are costlier to manage. This argument contains two hidden assumptions: (1) the additional costs...

In a recent commentary published in this journal, Shaver raises the provocative question of whether we need more entry mode studies. After assessing the reasons for Shaver’s doubts and further developing his broad research suggestions, we conclude that this question should be answered...

In this paper we test whether national cross cultural differences between joint venture (JV) parents affect JV longevity by comparing that of two categories of JVs placed in the same environment, those between two or more Japanese parents on one hand, and those between Japanese and American...