This research develops a location–allocation, mixed integer linear model that simultaneously evaluates a substantial number of multinational enterprise (MNE) location and control configurations to yield an optimal network, considering R&D, production and marketing facilities, produced in-house...

The paper presents a simple general equilibrium model that formalizes internationalization in the eclectic paradigm based on a reconfiguration of concepts taken from the new classical economics literature. The model enables us to address simultaneously the role of ownership, location and...

This paper applies the global system view to the location and control strategies of firms. This approach envisages the world as a grid of potential locations for value-adding activities, connected by flows of information and products. The simplified model provides a basis for testing new...

“Born global” firms are not actually “born” global, but rather internationalize rapidly from their inception by expanding their geographic scope and extent of foreign operations. However, it remains unclear whether such firms: (1) simultaneously expand along both dimensions; (2) focus on...

Foreign firms in host country environments frequently face location-based disadvantages. This study proposes three means (channels) of overcoming local knowledge disadvantages. Based on a sample of 558 Japanese joint ventures (JVs) located in Southeast and East Asia, we find that partnering with...

We examine the product diversification of a multinational firm within each of its host-country markets. Based on a sample of 12,992 foreign subsidiaries of Japanese multinational firms, we find that higher levels of within-country product diversity led to higher subsidiary performance where the...

Foreign firms in host country environments frequently face location-based disadvantages. This study proposes three means (channels) of overcoming local knowledge disadvantages. Based on a sample of 558 Japanese joint ventures (JVs) located in Southeast and East Asia, we find that partnering with...

We propose that the establishment of a host-country headquarters (HCHQ) in a large emerging market can be viewed as part of a multinational enterprise's (MNE) political strategy to facilitate its within-country diversifications by reducing institutional intervention of the host government. Using...

We use an interdisciplinary approach to investigate multinational banks’ foreign activities. We bridge core concepts from the stages theory of internationalization to internalization theory, to extend the literature on the defensive expansion hypothesis. Unlike the primarily aggregate levels...

We investigate the effect of firm-specific advantages being ‘local’ in scope, and the influence of subsequent location-specific disadvantages, on the choice of foreign entry mode and subsidiary performance. To look into this issue, we examine Japanese FDI data from the wholesale and retail...