Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are networked firms whose subsidiaries act as nodes embedded in a variety of local contexts. This allows them to tap into many local systems of innovation to access diverse knowledge bases and integrate them to create new competencies. Currently technology is...

Multinationals by their very nature are network firms. They are therefore able to leverage their networks to effectively manage dispersed knowledge assets. They do this by tapping into a number of local clusters to assimilate and integrate knowledge. However, knowledge traffic is almost always...

The unintended consequences of prohibition on domestic markets are well documented [J. Econ. Perspectives 9 (1995) 175]. The enforcement of these prohibitions denies the extralegal enterprise (XLE) access to property rights and contract enforcement from the state. Consequently, XLEs must provide...

In this paper we describe three distinct but interrelated processes -- spillover and catch up, brokering and bottom up -- that link globalization to entrepreneurship in emerging economies. We then outline an ambitious research agenda concerning entrepreneurship in the emerging economy context....