This article explores a model in which a union confronts many competitive workers, firms, and consumers. Under "monopoly" unionism, union coverage may be incomplete; then, union wages and employment are insensitive to product demand variation. Under "efficient" unionism, coverage can never be...

Measures of four basic skills, constructed from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, are used to examine the source of human capital specificity. The measures are used to characterize the skill portfolio of each job and to construct distance measures between jobs. Wage losses in the Displaced...

A substantial literature has developed to estimate the "true" cyclicality of real wages, that is, composition bias free. Two major issues are addressed in this article: aggregation of heterogeneous workers and potential bias in the measurement of the labor input. A general analysis of the biases...

The nature of union endogeneity is examined in the light of recentl y proposed estimators for union wage differentials. The instrumental variable approach adopted by G. Duncan and D. Leigh is shown to yield little information on the precise nature of the endogenous process. In particular, it...