Alternative forms of disciplining the actionsof senior enterprise managers can becharacterized as shareholder or stakeholdergovernance. This paper analyzes thecontingencies that favour different forms ofgovernance and addresses the question: doesRussia need a stakeholder-oriented model...

Equity-based pay in the form of executive share options (ESOs) is a controversial part of the typical, US-style governance package, and ESOs in Germany are the focus of this paper. A conventional view would see ESOs as a US-style organizational innovation diffusing globally in general, and to...