Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of why subsidiary initiative opportunities face constant opposition, despite being essential to the competitiveness of international organizations. The paper also develops a detailed theoretical framework to showcase the conflicts...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare the value creation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in mature and emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical study is based on a sample of 285 cross-border M&As announced between 2010 and 2012 and completed by...