Starke, Frederick A.; Sharma, Gita; Mauws, Michael K.; … - In: Journal of Organizational Change Management 24 (2011) 1, pp. 29-50
– examined how the change attempt was perceived by the strategic leadership, middle‐level managers, and lower‐level employees … of leadership in sustaining organizational transformation. Most notably, it was found that most of the archetypal change … substitutes for strategic leadership. In addition to two new substitutes that should be considered at this level of analysis …