Within the economics literature, the ‘psychic costs’ of migration have been incorporated into theoretical models since Sjaastad (J Polit Econ 70:80–93, <CitationRef CitationID="CR43">1962</CitationRef>). However, the existence of such costs has rarely been investigated in empirical papers. In this paper, we look at the psychic costs...</citationref>

Using data from two large-scale household surveys in 1987 and 1994, we estimate wage equations which show substantial increases in returns to university education for young Irish workers over the period, despite the exceptional increase in numbers with these qualifications. Returns to non-degree...