We examine the short-run and long-run price reaction of equity real estate investment trust (REIT) shares following credit rating actions, testing the transparency of the REIT structure. Generally, the economic effect on the stock price is subdued for both upgrades and downgrades compared to...

Appraisers routinely work at solving ill-structured valuation problems where the normative performance criterion is an objective judgement of market value as of the valuation date. This study, theoretically grounded in the lens model of perceptual theory, investigates the effect of client...