Historical commercial real estate returns are attributed to three fundamental factors: initial current yield, growth in net operating income, and changes in going-in versus going-out capitalization rates (i.e., pricing movements). Separating returns into these three factors appears to provide...

This study investigates the effects of political uncertainty associated with the 1997 repossession of Hong Kong by China on the real estate market. Such effect is reflected in the change in the real estate risk premiums. A model is derived to estimate the trend of real estate risk premium for...

This study examines the existence of excess returns of the office, retail and industrial real estate sectors in Hong Kong using time series of both valuations and transaction prices. The analysis covers the period from 1980 to 1995. If valuations are an accurate reflection of transaction prices...