Lifeline programs sponsored by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in cooperation with the states and Local Exchange Companies (LECs) area authorized to increase telephone penetration. Estimates of a variant of Perl's (1983) economic model with 1990 Consensus Data broken to the state...

Adding the 2000 decennial census data to our pooled logit model results in much stronger evidence that targeted subsidy programs to add poor households to the network are ineffective and very costly. Untargeted programs are about nine times more expensive than targeted programs. Overall higher...

A telephone demand model (logit) is estimated with pooled Decennial Census data (1970, 1980 and 1990) for the states. Previous studies using pooled FCC penetration data are suspect due to large standard errors in the sample. Since our model includes data across time this allows the inclusion of...