complete compliance with minimal enforcement costs. Our strategies emphasize imperfect monitoring supported by a high unit … it may actually increase the amount of monitoring necessary to maintain compliance. Copyright Springer Science …We propose enforcement strategies for emissions trading programs with bankable emissions permits that guarantee …

suits against polluters. Here, I extend the standard enforcement model to examine the role played by citizen suits. The main … results from the paper suggest that in a model with limited enforcement power and citizen suits the regulator fully exercises … his enforcement power when the expected penalty from a citizen suit is low, but increases his reliance on citizen suits as …

environmental compliance. We first examine whether environmental performance affects consumer demand and find that noncompliance … does decrease demand, at least in the short term. Next we consider whether market characteristics affect compliance … behavior. While we do not find evidence that market size affects behavior, local competition does appear to increase compliance …

In this paper we show that, if the relation between the actual monitoring probability and the extent of compliance in … the regulated population is concave to the actual probability axis, providing perfect information raises compliance rates …

) audits from 1990 through 2010. We find that discretion in enforcement differs in state and federally conducted inspections …

Enforcement agencies issuing warnings are an empirical regularity in the enforcement of laws and regulations, but a … challenge to the standard economic theory of public enforcement. A number of recent contributions explain the popularity of … explanation: Warnings can serve as a signaling device in the interaction between the enforcement agency and its budget …