Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the risks caused by “hazardously immoral” contracts which force external parties to bear significant losses without their consent. Design/methodology/approach – The expectation of substantial future losses raises the question of how...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a generalization of the familiar two-sample t-test for equality of means to the case where the sample values are to be given unequal weights. This is a natural situation in financial risk modeling when some samples are considered more reliable...

Purpose – Firms facing significant income volatility can often suffer from downside risk such that return on assets is insufficient to meet fixed financial obligations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a prescriptive credit solution for small businesses facing exogenous income risk....