The purpose of this article is to describe the financial situation and the development of club finances of the German “Bundesligaâ€. Using data provided by the football association and data collected from a number of different sources we find that the majority of the teams are...

A large body of literature documents the existence of a considerable and persistent gender gap in competitiveness. Using longitudinal data from ultramarathon running covering the period 2005-2009, I first confirm the findings of most previous studies by demonstrating that on average the...

The authors investigate the salary returns to the ability to play association football (soccer) with both feet. The majority of footballers are predominantly right footed. Using two data sets, a cross section of footballers in the five main European leagues and a panel of players in the German...

Since the 1960s, increasing numbers of football players from Eastern Europe, South America, Africa, and Asia have been migrating to the top leagues in Western Europe (England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain). This development has been massively fostered by the ``Bosman ruling'' of the...

This article tests the relationship between earnings and schooling for male footballers of the Portuguese Football League, using data from a questionnaire carried out in the Lisbon area between January and April 2000. The author verifies that the sports market barely compensates the cost of...

This article identifies different groups in a cost function framework of soccer clubs in the Spanish Football League First Division. In particular, we have clustered the sample— comprising data for seasons 1994/1995 to 2004/2005—into three groups. To do so, we have implemented a...

In this article, the author characterizes the financial crisis in Portuguese football on the basis of data published by Deloitte and Touche in its annual reports on the financial ramifications of the sport in Portugal. A strategy to be applied to the case, with a view to improving the clubs'...

This article uses an econometric frontier model to evaluate the performance of football clubs present in the English F.A. Premier League from 1998-1999 to 2002-2003, combining sport and financial variables. A stochastic Cobb-Douglas production frontier model is used to generate football club...

This article introduces the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) bootstrap procedure to analyze the technical efficiency of Brazilian first league football clubs. For comparison purpose the study also estimates the efficiency scores with the traditional DEA model. From the results, it is clear that...

This paper analyzes the pattern of player substitutions during a soccer match using data from the Spanish First Division in the 2004—2005 season. We use an inverse Gaussian hazard model to analyze the first substitutions on each team taking place either at halftime or in the second half...