A recent survey found that 40 per cent of vessels arrive later than planned, so demand uncertainty is a salient feature of port terminal activity. Terminals facing greater demand uncertainty and that wish to cater for this will incur extra costs to avoid the risk that shipping companies replace...

The objective of this paper is to chart the productivity of Spanish port terminals, which are private firms under concession and can be regarded as representative of medium size firms worldwide so as to evaluate the effects of different regulatory reforms applied in the 1990s. We perform a...