This paper studies the trade of China in the past 150 years, starting from the first opening of China after the Opium … War. The main purpose of the paper is to identify what is (and was) China's 'normal' level of foreign trade, and how these … levels changed under different trade regimes, from 1840 to the present. We present new evidence on China's foreign trade …

factor costs, China's economic geography as it influences trade costs, as well as the degree of regional diversity in … China in the 19th century were relatively low …

and compare capital market development in Britain and China. Interest rates for Britain were lower than China's on average … are twice those of the Delta, and three or more times as high as elsewhere in China. Overall, our results suggest capital …

We study the economics of international joint ventures with administrative data for China exploiting the change in … foreign direct investment policy as China entered the WTO in the year 2002. Accounting for a quarter of all international …). As China has dropped joint venture requirements and shifted towards wholly foreign-owned FDI as part of becoming a member …

compares the actual performance of markets in Europe and China, two regions of the world that were relatively advanced in the … findings suggest that relative levels of market function in China and Europe were similar prior to the Industrial Revolution …

The First Opium War (1840-42) was a watershed in the history of China. In its aftermath Britain and other countries …-organized under Western management, Western legal institutions were introduced in China in form of courts and legal practices, and … foreigners in China were tried according to the laws of their country of origin (extraterritoriality). To better understand the …

How much of China's recent economic performance can be attributed to market-oriented reforms introduced in the last two … paper compares the integration of rice markets in China today and 270 years ago. In the 18th century, transport technology … pattern of interregional income in China is strongly linked to persistent geographic factors that were already apparent …

In this paper, we provide aggregate trends in China's trade performance from the 1840s to the present. Based on … historical benchmarks, we argue that China's recent gains are not exclusively due to the reforms since 1978. Rather, foreign …, Shanghai already accounted for more than half of China's foreign trade. In tracking the levels and growth rates of the city …