This paper analyses the effectiveness of tax-benefit systems in reducing poverty and inequality across 13 countries in … to poverty and inequality. Additionally, we assess gender disparities in outcomes, quantify the distributional effects of …

-benefit policies stabilized earnings losses. We then evaluate the impact on income-based poverty and inequality and the contribution of … inequality, and somewhat larger effects on the poverty gap due to lower relative earnings losses of the poor population at the …

highlight that the final impacts on poverty and inequality are heterogeneous across population groups. …