We introduce a model of two-sided statistical discrimination in which worker and firm beliefs are complementary. Firms … both empirical analysis designed to detect discrimination and policy meant to alleviate it. Affirmative action is much less … effective than in traditional statistical discrimination models. More generally, we demonstrate the futility of one …

Economics tends to define and measure discrimination as disparities stemming from the direct (causal) effects of … systemic (i.e. indirect) channels. For example, racial disparities in criminal records due to discrimination in policing can … for modeling and measuring both direct and systemic forms of discrimination. We define systemic discrimination as emerging …

Discrimination has been widely studied in economics and other disciplines. In addition to identifying evidence of … discrimination, economists often categorize the source of discrimination as either taste-based or statistical. Categorizing … discrimination in this way can be valuable for policy design and welfare analysis. We argue that a further categorization is …

This chapter surveys the theoretical literature on statistical discrimination and affirmative action. This literature …

discrimination. The second part of the paper turns to the role of the Internet. Online minority buyers who use the Internet Referral …