Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable … sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold …. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5 …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …

This paper explores the economic incentives for medical procedure innovation. Using a proprietary dataset on billing … code applications for emerging medical procedures, we highlight two mechanisms that could hinder innovation. First, the … administrative hurdle of securing permanent, reimbursable billing codes substantially delays innovation diffusion. We find that …