century. First, air and water pollution have declined substantially, although greenhouse gas emissions have not. Second …, environmental policy explains a large share of these trends. Third, much of the regulation of air and drinking water pollution has … benefits that exceed costs, although the evidence for surface water pollution regulation is less clear. Fourth, while the …

-in-differences empirical design and find strong evidence that the ECI mitigates the spillover effect of water pollution at the province … boundary and brings about sharp reductions in water pollutant emissions from upstream firms, especially those in heavily …