. The gains are a function of the domestic trade share and the long-run elasticity of trade with respect to iceberg trade … long-run elasticity cannot be estimated in one step by relying on tariff variation as shifters of trade costs. We show …, instead, that this object can be recovered by combining two tariff elasticity estimates: the long- and the short-run. Thus …

uncertainty, is the overall elasticity of taxable income. We provide new estimates of this elasticity which address identification … income, and on variation in the elasticity of taxable income by income group. We find that the overall elasticity of taxable … income is approximately 0.4; the elasticity of real income, not including tax preferences, is much lower. We also estimate …