The buffer allocation problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, and it is an important design problem in manufacturing systems. The research proposed in this paper concerns a product line consisting of n unreliable machines with n − 1 buffers and a preventive maintenance...

Sustainability in the supply chain means pushing the supply chain to focus on social, economic and environmental aspects, and addressing the existing problems in the traditional supply chain. Considering the importance of evaluating supply chain networks, especially in the field of perishable...