When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

to work. Controlling for housing reduces the negative coefficient of import exposure on manufacturing employment by 20 …-25%, with a significant indirect magnification through the housing market. Combining manufacturing and construction employment …, the indirect effect of the China shock through the housing market explains one-fifth as much of the variance in employment …