When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

of STEM worker growth on the wages and employment of college and non-college educated native workers in 219 U.S. cities …-college educated natives are smaller but still significant. We do not find significant effects on employment. We also find that STEM …

to work. Controlling for housing reduces the negative coefficient of import exposure on manufacturing employment by 20 …-25%, with a significant indirect magnification through the housing market. Combining manufacturing and construction employment …, the indirect effect of the China shock through the housing market explains one-fifth as much of the variance in employment …

positive net effect on native employment while offshoring has no effect on it. We also find some evidence that offshoring has …How many "American jobs" have U.S.-born workers lost due to immigration and offshoring? Or, alternatively, is it … possible that immigration and offshoring, by promoting cost-savings and enhanced efficiency in firms, have spurred the creation …

We identify “first generation” statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, “second generation …