local institutional knowledge. We posit that a portion of the fixed costs of entering a specific export market can be used … scope. Using a structural model, we estimate that the simultaneous export and import in a given country reduces export and …

different cities within China, This paper investigates the contributing factors to China's rising export sophistication … the increased overlap between China's export structure and that of high-income countries. Instead, improvement in human … export structure. On the other hand, processing trade, foreign invested firms, and government-sponsored high-tech zones all …

their mode of export - either directly or indirectly through an intermediary. The model predicts that intermediaries will be …