institutions. The euro has operated as a currency without a state, under the dominance of Germany. This has so far allowed the euro … responsibility for the euro's future. Germany's resilience and dominant size within the EU may explain its "muddling …

now highly-sensitive GIIPS group and other European country groupings (EU and Euro Area excluding GIIPS, and the non … in GIIPS to other euro countries is not evident once own-country credit rating changes are taken into account …

countries to global crisis news and euro crisis news. Overall, we find that whereas global crisis news had a consistently … negative effect on returns of equity and bond markets in developing countries, the effect of euro crisis news was more mixed …

We study how the financial conditions in the Center Economies [the U.S., Japan, and the Euro area] impact other … euro) makes the response of a financial variable such as the REER and exchange market pressure in the PHs more sensitive to … a change in key variables in the U.S. (or the euro area) such as policy interest rates and the REER. While having more …