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The Returns to Skill in the United States across the Twentieth Century

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1999

Economic inequality is higher today than it has been since 1939, as measured by both the wage structure and wealth inequality. But the comparison between 1939 and 1999 is largely made out of necessity; the 1940 U.S. population census was the first to inquire of wage and salary income and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471668

Monitoring Costs and Occupational Segregation by Sex : An Historical Analysis

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1985

Supervisory and monitoring costs are explored to understand aspects of occupational segregation by sex. Around the turn of this century 47 percent of all female manufacturing operatives were paid by the piece, but only 13 percent of the males were. There were very few males and females employed...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012477525

The Relative Productivity Hypothesis of Industrialization : The American Case, 1820-1850

Goldin, Claudia; Sokoloff, Kenneth L. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1981

the manufacturing work force in 1832. Wherever manufacturing spread in the Northeast, the wages of females and children …, puts a low value on females and children relative to adult men. The lower the "relative productivity" of females and … children in the pre-industrial agricultural or traditional economy the earlier will manufacturing evolve, the proportionately …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012478393

Long-Run Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure : Narrowing, Widening, Polarizing

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2007

The U.S. wage structure evolved across the last century: narrowing from 1910 to 1950, fairly stable in the 1950s and 1960s, widening rapidly during the 1980s, and "polarizing" since the late 1980s. We document the spectacular rise of U.S. wage inequality after 1980 and place recent changes into...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465079

The Race between Education and Technology : The Evolution of U.S. Educational Wage Differentials, 1890 to 2005

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2007

U.S. educational and occupational wage differentials were exceptionally high at the dawn of the twentieth century and then decreased in several stages over the next eight decades. But starting in the early 1980s the labor market premium to skill rose sharply and by 2005 the college wage premium...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012465672

A Pollution Theory of Discrimination : Male and Female Differences in Occupations and Earnings

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2002

Occupations are segregated by sex today, but were far more segregated in the early to mid-twentieth century when married women began to enter the labor force in large numbers. It is difficult to rationalize sex segregation and 'wage discrimination' on the basis of men's taste for distance from...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469729

The Rising (and then Declining) Significance of Gender

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2002

In the past two decades gender pay differences have narrowed considerably and a declining significance of gender has pervaded the labor market in numerous ways. This paper contends that in the first several decades of the twentieth century there was a rising significance of gender. The emergence...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469799

The Decline of Non-Competing Groups : Changes in the Premium to Education, 1890 to 1940

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1995

Between 1890 and the late 1920s the premium to high school education declined substantially for both men and women. In 1890 ordinary office workers, whose positions generally required a high school diploma, earned almost twice what production workers did. But by the late 1920s they earned about...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012473675

The Great Compression : The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid- Century

Goldin, Claudia; Margo, Robert A. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1991

The structure of wages narrowed considerably during the 1940's, increased slightly during the 1950's and 1960's, and then expanded greatly after 1970. The era of wage stretching of the past two decades has been a current focus, but we return attention here to the decade that was witness to an...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012475180

The Most Egalitarian of All Professions : Pharmacy and the Evolution of a Family-Friendly Occupation

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2012

Pharmacy has become a female-majority profession that is highly remunerated with a small gender earnings gap and low earnings dispersion relative to other occupations. We sketch a labor market framework based on the theory of equalizing differences to integrate and interpret our empirical...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012460250