of the developing world introduces patent protection for new drug products. This may lead to more research on drugs to … research to products specific to developing country markets. There is some, although limited, evidence of an increase in the … provides a baseline' against which future research activity can be compared once the new global patent regime is fully …

We estimate the effect of patent protection on follow-on investments in corporate scientific research. We exploit a new … method for identifying an exogenous reduction in the protection a granted patent provides. Using data on public, research …-active firms between 1990 and 2015, we find that firms decrease follow-on research after a reduction in patent protection, as …

We develop a model that clarifies the respective advantages and disadvantages of academic and private-sector research … not rely on lack of appropriability or spillovers to generate a rationale for academic research. Instead, we focus on … interests, academia can be indispensable for early-stage research. At the same time, the private sector's ability to direct …