enriched by using information collected from employees, even if only a few of them are surveyed per firm. Though variables … measured on the basis of the answers of very few employees per firm are subject to very important sampling errors, they can be …) surveyed employees. As an illustration in the second part of the paper, we consider the estimation of the relationship between …

Individual evaluation interviews have become a widespread practice. 52% of employees in French manufacturing firms over … 50 employees declared an annual individual evaluation interview in 1997. However whereas the problem of constructing an … individual production compared with the case of team production. Fourth, evaluated employees earn more than employees in a …

Arguably the fundamental problem faced by employers is how to elicit effort from employees. Most models suggest that … employers meet this challenge by monitoring employees carefully to prevent shirking. But there is another option that relies on … heterogeneity across employees, and that is to screen job candidates to find workers with a stronger work ethic who require less …