This paper estimates the costs of EU restraints on trade in textiles and clothing. After explaining the methods used …, we examine the impact of an opening up of EU trade in textiles and clothing, inter alia to those economies where the …

manufacturing firms. First, there is a negative correlation between firms' productivity and their export share to low … found between the share of exports to lowincome countries and either productivity or R&D intensity is never in line with the …

-exporters. However, many firms from the lower end of the productivity distribution are exporters. Germany is a case in point. A recent … study reports that these low-productivity exporters are not marginal exporters defined according to the share of exports in … exports is much higher among exporters from the lower end of the productivity distribution than among highly productive …