Poverty maps are a useful tool for the targeting of social programs on areas with high concentrations of poverty …. However, a static focus on poverty ignores the temporal dimension of poverty. Thus, current nonpoor households still face … substantial welfare volatility and are at risk of becoming poor in the face of shocks. We combine the methods of poverty mapping …

Fiscal policy is central to not only macroeconomic stability and growth, but also to poverty and inequality reduction … insufficient to compensate for the effect of taxes, resulting in net increases in poverty. In the context of upper …

's fiscal policies also lead to a reduction in poverty, mainly due to well-targeted direct transfers …