A closed-loop supply chain is defined as the combination of both forward and reverse supply chains. However, it is in reverse supply chains that environmental issues are emphasized. In this research, a closed-loop supply chain network is designed and optimized to reduce the impact of bottled...

Remanufactured products can save up to 80% of production and energy costs whilst generating lower CO2 emissions. The key success factors for remanufacturing are quality, lead-time and cost. Extensive work within the industry and the detailed analysis of the remanufacturing process has shown that...

In reverse logistics (RL), the returned products are collected, and some recovery activities are performed. The major objective of this research is to identify the RL components of cellphones in Canada focusing on three provinces. There have been some studies in this sector. However, with the...

In this paper, the reverse logistics of plastic pallets in Canada, particularly in Nova Scotia, is investigated using different methods, including reviewing the literature and searching appropriate databases. Information such as the typical supply chains of plastic pallets, and the manufacturing...