Services are gaining ever more importance in every economy in the world. In reflection of the overall trends, manufacturers are being advised to expand and integrate their service offerings to the core product offerings.However, the number of empirical academic studies on the topic is still...

For strategic purposes of setting price and productivity targets, organizations need to make projection of long-term cost as well as short-term cost estimation. For long-term cost estimation, organizations do rely on the experience curve among other methodologies. However, for short-term cost...

The evolution of civilization appears to have primarily resulted from continuous improvement made possible by technological advances. A group of social evolutionists and economists have identified, among others, energy, transport, as well as information and communication to be the three most...

According to the World Health Organization, more than one million road traffic deaths occur every year throughout the world. Many countries have established quantified road safety targets in response. Road safety targets need to be based on reliable forecasting methods. This paper attempts to...

Many of the critical technologies in knowledge economy are undergoing an exponential rate of rapid improvement. The best known roadmap to guide exponential trend of improvement has been provided by Moore’s law. This paper will update the validity of Moore’s law by applying it to...

A miracle in medical procedure, organ transplantation, has taken place in recent decades due to the diffusion of a new technology. The new technology refers to a family of the so‐called immunosuppressive drugs. As a result, survival rates of major organ transplants have risen to a...

Background: Reduction of under-five year mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015 compared to 1990 level has been adopted as Target 4A in the Millennium Development Goals. Since infant deaths account for over seventy percents of under-five year mortality, the same two-thirds reduction Target of...

Many OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have implemented national suicide prevention strategies. An accurate forecast of future suicide rate, if available, will be useful for planning and evaluation of a suicide prevention strategy. Therefore, we have...

A projection of future energy consumption is a vital input to many analyses of economic, energy, and environmental policies. We provide a benchmark projection which can be used to evaluate any other projection. Specifically, we base our projection of future energy consumption on its historical...