This paper explores the role of pooled-producer, e.g. private label, trade intermediation in shaping the range and … diversity of exports. Direct sales maintain a firm's unique product characteristics ('brand equity'), whereas trade through an … trade variety for volume, firms face greater competition from the new pooled-products, and intermediaries capture much of …

We use a dynamic trade model with two sectors and two types of workers to analyze the optimal setting of income … horizon of the workers. Unskilled workers in the unskilledintensive sector are the ones most in favor of protectionism and … might even benefit from a trade war. …

international trade, distorts production and reduces output. However, in a liquidity trap protectionism lowers the real interest …This paper studies the effects of protectionism as a business cycle instrument. In normal times, protectionism reduces …

. Protectionism can have many different faces. It can come in the form of Buy-American clauses of stimulus packages, as an increase in … trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

. We first gauge the impact of the sanctions' regime using a structural gravity framework and quantify the trade losses in … by the Russian embargo. Instead, the disruption of the provision of trade finance services is found to have played an …

A Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) has been proposed in the mid-1990s to revitalize the economic and political … trade area for its members with respect to trade in goods and services and investment flows. It then looks at potential …

The paper analyses sectoral patterns of intra-Asian trade for selected Asian countries as well as for sub … extra-Asian trade, almost all sample countries concentrate their intra-Asian exports more on non-manufactures. Within … manufactures, resource-intensive goods still play a larger role in intra-Asian trade than in trade outside Asia. This reflects both …

trade creation effect of monetary integration (so-called Rose effect) which is heavily debated in the literature. Recent … are already highly integrated in terms of trade and factor mobility. The potential discrimination effect against trade … to Europe. At the same time, so-called overlap or similarity indices for trade patterns show an increasing similarity …

How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing - or capable - to serve the market of … sanctioned markets, while, importantly, the lifting of sanctions is not found to yield symmetric trade recovery effects …. Additionally, sanctions effects are very heterogeneous. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly …