Subventionen sind selektive Vergünstigungen, die Bund, Länder, Gemeinden und andere staatliche Einrichtungen zugunsten ausgewählter Produktionszweige und letztlich bestimmter Personengruppen gewähren. Ein umfassendes Bild des Volumens der Subventionen ergibt sich nur dann, wenn neben den...

Nachfolgend soll auf empirischer Basis geprüft werden, welchen Gruppen von ALG IIBeziehern aufgrund eines zu geringen Lohnabstands das ist der Abstand zwischen einem möglichen Erwerbseinkommen und dem gezahlten Transfereinkommen die notwendigen Anreize fehlen, eine reguläre Beschäftigung...

Due to labor market reforms in Germany some years ago, the incentives to work changed. The paper analyzes the effects on the reservation wages for specific groups. It is assumed that reservation wages are determined by the replacement rates implied by the system of unemployment benefits and by...

Wage subsidies and public transfers for the unemployed as a means for increasing employment have been intensively discussed in Germany. The paper explains which models have already been applied. In addition, it describes some recent reform proposals and analyzes what economic policy might be...

The gross wage income distributions for different groups of taxpayers in 2004 are used to derive wage income distributions for 20072013. By applying the rules of income taxation, wage income tax revenues are deduced. Given the tax rate structure introduced in 2007, the average tax rates and the...

In recent years, a lot of rules concerning government expenditures as well as tax revenues were changed in Germany. Government expenditures in relation to GDP were reduced, income tax rates were lowered and the budget deficit declined. The structure of government expenditures changed in favor of...