We estimate CO2 implicitly contained in traded commodities based on the GTAP 7 data: While net carbon imports into the industrialized countries amount to 15% of their total emissions, net carbon exports of the developing countries amount to 12% of their total emissions, and net carbon exports of...

Die neue Welle des Regionalismus in Lateinamerika bietet mehr als alten Wein in neuen Schläuchen. Dennoch drohen hohe Erwartungen enttäuscht zu werden, die in die regionale Integration gesetzt werden. Die Entwicklung der ausländischen Direktinvestitionen in Lateinamerika in den neunziger...

Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending economy, where domestic firms involved in business with the...

This paper studies the relationship between Asia’s economic engagements in Africa and individual African nations’ participation in global value chains (GVC) over the past two decades. We find that while overall exports from Africa to Asia are still highly concentrated in resource-intensive...