This paper estimates the costs of EU restraints on trade in textiles and clothing. After explaining the methods used …, we examine the impact of an opening up of EU trade in textiles and clothing, inter alia to those economies where the …

industry productivity and social welfare. For this purpose we develop a reciprocal dumping model of international trade with … heterogeneous firms and endogenous R&D. We identify two effects of trade liberalization on productivity: a direct effect through … low (high) trade costs; (ii) increases expected industry productivity; and (iii) raises expected social welfare if trade …

is increasing in its productivity, with the most productive multinationals choosing not to rely on a foreign partner at … direct investment ; multinational enterprise ; joint venture ; productivity …

do more than one of those activities. In our estimation we consider the relationship between productivity all the choice …

their engagement in already existing Indian firms. Most notably, the productivity of the German parents matters only for …