We use factor analysis to derive a robust measure of religiosity from items reported in five waves of the World Value … to fall to about half its pre-modern level. Most components of the demand for religion are reduced by development. The … supply of religion declines once churches lose control over the institutions providing collective goods like education …

of donor generosity, aid effectiveness and new means of financing. However, the development orientation of world leaders …, foreign direct investment, corruption …

Measures of corruption and income are highly correlated across countries. We use prehistoric measures of biogeography … as instruments for modern income levels to identify an exogenous long-run income effect. We find that our corruption …-free incomes explain the cross-country pattern of corruption just as well as actual incomes. This result suggests that the long …

data from Moldova, one of the countries with the highest emigration rates in the world, and an instrumental variable …

the presence of foreign investors is associated with changes in local corruption around foreign-owned production …

Corporation (MCC) was successful in promoting better control of corruption. We employ a difference … corruption over time. We conclude that – if designed properly –conditionality can work. -- Foreign Aid ; Corruption ; Millennium …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a “bribe tax” and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the “time tax” imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … individual firms appears to vary depending on overall institutional quality: in countries where corruption is more prevalent and …