corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a “bribe tax” and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the “time tax” imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … cumbersome bureaucratic requirements. When the sample is split between EU and non-EU countries, the time tax turns out to have a …

the presence of foreign investors is associated with changes in local corruption around foreign-owned production …

Corporation (MCC) was successful in promoting better control of corruption. We employ a difference … corruption over time. We conclude that – if designed properly –conditionality can work. -- Foreign Aid ; Corruption ; Millennium …

, foreign direct investment, corruption …

Measures of corruption and income are highly correlated across countries. We use prehistoric measures of biogeography … as instruments for modern income levels to identify an exogenous long-run income effect. We find that our corruption …-free incomes explain the cross-country pattern of corruption just as well as actual incomes. This result suggests that the long …

EU has decided to reduce its GHG emissions by 20% relative to 1990 until the year 2020. These reductions will even rise … competitiveness as a priority area for EU policy and there is some concern about the competitiveness effects of EU climate policy. We … use the multi-sector, multi-region computable general equilibrium model DART to assess the impacts of the recent EU …