For several decades, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe pursued an energyintensive strategy of economic development based on distorted relative prices of energy. This typical feature of central planning created the illusion of a virtually unlimited supply of energy. The illusion came to...

The gap between the per capita income of most Arab countries and that of advanced industrial countries has widened since the early 1990s. The economic growth performance of the Arab world has been weak by developing country standards, too. Yet, the diversity of growth patterns within this group...

Most Latin American countries have made considerable progress in implementing the core recommendations of the Washington Consensus. The comparison with fast-growing Asian countries shows, however, that higher and more broadbased growth can only be achieved with more comprehensive reforms which...

Die überraschend schnelle wirtschaftliche Erholung der asiatischen Krisenländer (Indonesien, Korea, Malaysia, die Philippinen und Thailand) ging mit makroökonomischen Anpassungsmaßnahmen und strukturellen Reformen im Finanz- und Unternehmenssektor einher. Gleichwohl unterscheiden sich die...

Kiev is not so far away from Brussels as one might expect. Ukraine already performs quite well when compared to the other countries in the queue for entry into the EU. Especially the fiscal and external debt figures are better than in other countries. On the negative side, there is a...

Mexico's recent financial crisis, culminating in December 1994, threatens the positive effects of the substantial reforms that the country has implemented since 1985 by opening its real sector: first trade has been liberalized unilaterally, then Mexico has joined the GATT, the Uruguay Round, the...

Locational competition is geographic competition, competition between places, between cities, between regions, and between countries. These spatial units compete with each other for the mobile production factors in factor markets, i.e., for mobile capital, for mobile technical know-how, and for...

In Lateinamerika hat sich auf breiter Front eine wirtschaftspolitische Umkehr vollzogen. Immer mehr Länder haben gesamtwirtschaftliche Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen ergriffen und sich gegenüber den internationalen Güter- und Kapitalmärkten geöffnet. Zeitpunkt und Umfang der Reformen variieren...