It is first demonstrated that the sociological principle of differential association can be deduced from the economic theory of crime. Proceeding from the assumption that sanctioning situations can be modeled as chicken or prisoner's dilemma games, hypotheses are suggested to criticize...

The planned unification of twelve European states to an economic and political unit will create new negative incentives for political protest ('voice'). This paper argues that the costs of voice will increase and the positive incentives will decrease if Europe's unification proceeds. The...