. First, the very quick development of several vaccines highlights the richness of the basic knowledge waiting for … therapeutical exploitation. Such knowledge has largely originated in public or non-profit institutions. Second, symmetrically, there … and direction of innovation, but at the same time confined to the role of payer of first and last resort, with dire …

different configurations of the patent system upon innovation and competition. The model is able to replicate the main stylized … adverse effects in terms of innovation outcomes, as well as of market competition and consumer welfare. Such general …