their inward looking or exploitationʺ attitude in R&D and innovation. We argue that because of sunk costs and learning …. Among other things, this suggests that explorationʺ, which leads to the opening of new innovation trajectories, requires not …

In the following paragraphs we will discuss the "mapping of innovative clusters in national innovation systems". For … Innovation Survey (which is comparable with CIS data). The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is an initiative of the EU … innovation systems, highlight the outline conditions for innovations in Germany, focusing above all on the basis of innovations …

We estimate the determinants of various types of product innovation. Knowledge spillovers from rivals have a positive … exert no such independent influence on drastic innovation activities. The results support the hypothesis that establishments …

The innovation activities of foreign subsidiaries have been identified as an important source of competitive advantage … foreignness). We derive potential stumbling blocks in the innovation process theoretically and argue that these materialize as … innovation activities in Germany from various sectors. We find that foreign-controlled firms are not challenged by liability of …

importance of the interactions and linkages among acteurs and institutions involved in innovation and technology development of a … country and calls such a web of interaction a national innovation system. The theoretical and empirical analyses on national … systems of innovation lead to the conclusion that countries differ in the way in which knowledge flows and that innovation …

Firms compete increasingly in an open innovation environment. Search strategies for external knowledge become therefore … are built through internal or external R&D activities) and the munificence of its innovation environment. We test these … its breadth. Moreover, we find that scarce innovation environments favor deep search strategies while breadth is more …

from research institutions. Using data from the German innovation survey we investigate how firms are able to exploit … knowledge from external partners for successful innovation activities. The estimation results show that the determinants of … absorptive capacity differ with respect to the type of knowledge absorbed for innovation activities. In particular we find that …