criteria of novelty or non-obviousness. In recent decades, many jurisdictions introduced patent reforms to avoid weak patent … applications and improve legal patent quality. In particular, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), enacted into law in 2011 … any third party to question granted patents, possibly leading to patent revocation or scope reduction. This paper aims to …

differentiation and component innovation. We show that, as the complexity of the product spaces increases, stronger patent regimes …

This paper analyses the evolution of the intellectual property regime (IPR), and more precisely the patent regime, in … patent regimes can only be understood in relation to changes in the main institutional forms of capitalism: forms of the firm …

The role of the patent system in the pharmaceutical sector is highly debated also due to its strong public health … different configurations of the patent system upon innovation and competition. The model is able to replicate the main stylized …

witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time … pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins. …

The recent surge of patent disputes plays an important role in discouraging firms from entering new technology domains … at EPO between 2000 and 2015, we construct a new measure of litigiousness using patent opposition data. We find that the … degree of litigiousness and the density of patent thickets negatively affect the likelihood of firms entering new TDs. Across …

to patent. Our study records how brewery innovators pursued a wide variety of highly distinct appropriability strategies … strategies could co-exist, although some brewery insiders maintaineda suspicion of the promoters of patent technologies which … could support trade in inventions even without the use of the patent system. …

-in-difference approach on an original dataset of patent-paper-pairs we are able to estimate the causal effect of the granting of a patent on … applicability of an innovation is further affects the relation. To address these issues we build a novel dataset matching patent …

observe export and patenting activities worldwide and at the product level. We exploit how heterogeneity of patent … coverageacross (and within) product-country relates to exports. We find a patent premium of at least 10 percent, which is mainly …