Using survey data for 220 traditional manufacturing firms over 7 years of transition and 4 CEE countries we show that firms which produced for the EU market under planning consistently outperform those that traditionally produced for the CMEA market. A gradualist selection process to outside...

This paper analyses the causes of managerial change and the impact of different reforms on firm performance, using survey data from 300 Ukrainian firms. The main findings are: (i) Ownership and competition are linked to managerial change: de novo firms but also privatised firms experienced less...