choice of poverty lines and for the measurement of living standard. The role of equivalence scales which are popular in … empirical work on poverty measurement is clarified. …The paper investigates the definition of equity-regarding poverty measures when there are different household types in …

While all nations value low poverty, high levels of economic self-reliance, and equality of opportunity for younger … self-reliance (earned incomes), family support, and government support to avoid poverty. This paper is designed to examine … these differences in greater detail. We begin by reviewing international concepts and measures of poverty, as they relate to …

poverty ordering of the countries. …

It is widely held that people who work have no difficulty in avoiding poverty and guaranteeing their family a decent … people, sometimes even working full time. But, previous studies have failed to consider the extent of poverty among the … active and inactive poor people. Estimating Gini indices and poverty gaps for those groups gives a different idea of the …

This paper investigates the real living standards and poverty status of United States children in the 1990's compared … child poverty rates in the United States compared with other nations. Demographic factors and the effectiveness of tax and … transfer policies in reducing child poverty are also explored. The paper concludes with a discussion of results and their …

In our paper we present a comparative analysis of the effects of family policy measures on poverty patterns in the … poverty, in particular that of the youngest generation. Economic well-being of families is a result of a whole complex of …, followed by a short description of poverty in the observed countries. In these parts of the paper we draw on our earlier work …

This paper surveys a dozen international comparative studies of poverty, income distribution and older people in … over the past two decades in most countries. Although there remain pockets of poverty among the elderly, the old are …

other rich countries? This paper summarizes the poverty status of American children and then the variance in their 'real …

The starting point in the paper is the relative concept of poverty. We will study how our picture of poverty will … change if we accept a very relative concept of poverty. The first problem we encountered was the selection of the benchmark …. A couple of alternative ways to conduct relativizations were selected. First, we applied the conventional poverty …

Substantial cross-national differences in poverty alleviation are well documented, but theextent to which different …-targeted provisions and means-tested benefits reduce relative economic poverty in different institutional settings. It is shown that the … poverty alleviation across countries. The study also presents a new method for estimating the anti-poverty effects of separate …