The standard poverty lines applied in empirical research tend to be problematic in terms of validity, reliability, ease … related to actual differences in the 'production of poverty' in 11 countries, as measured by the generalised budget approach … substantially higher degree of poverty than representatives of the corporatist type (Belgium, Germany, France). Poverty in the …

reducing poverty through social assistance payments are calculated using several measures of poverty for five selected EU … poverty alleviation, the results provide some evidence that extremely centralised systems are more effective with regard to …

In combating poverty, whether or not to design a universal program or a targeted program has been a perpetual dilemma … to estimate the effects of the initial poverty gap and categorical status of a household on its poverty outcome. The data …

This paper has four main objectives: (1) to monitor the rise of poverty and income inequality during the first decade … of Russian transition; (2) to analyze the performance of the welfare state in reducing poverty and income inequality; (3 … reducing poverty among people in need. This study has also highlighted how the Russian society is now slowly acquiring those …

countries. Without Social Security income, a large portion of the older population would live in poverty in all developed … countries. This report analyzes how or to what extent Social Security keeps older persons out of poverty across developed … countries by examining changes in poverty rates of older persons with and without Social Security income. …

affected the income position of high-income pensioners. However, also the structure of public pension benefits had a poverty …