The paper investigates the definition of equity-regarding poverty measures when there are different household types in the population. It derives the implications of a between-type regressive transfer principle for poverty measures, for the choice of poverty lines and for the measurement of...

Equivalence scales are often used to adjust household income for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For example, a family of two is assumed to need more income than a single person, but not double due to economies of scale in consumption. However, in comparing economic well-being...

The present study uses benefit recipiency data and three dimensions of welfare transfers, namely, transfer share, low-income targeting, and universalism, to clarify the more detailed effects of social policies on subjective well-being and well-being inequality. This analysis utilizes benefit...